Forging-Forging Precautions and Risks

Precautions

The forging process should be noted

1. The forging process includes: cutting the material to the required size, heating, forging, heat treatment, cleaning and inspection. In small manual forging, all these operations are carried out by several forgers overhand and underhand in a small place. They are all exposed to the same hazardous environment and occupational hazards; in large forges, the hazards vary with the job. Working conditions Although working conditions vary depending on the form of forging, they have certain common features: moderately intense physical labor, dry and hot microclimate environment, noise and vibration generation, and air contaminated by fumes.

2. Workers are exposed to both hot air and thermal radiation, resulting in heat accumulation in the body. heat plus metabolic heat can cause heat dissipation disorders and pathological changes. the amount of sweating for 8 hours of labor will vary with the small gas environment, physical exertion, and degree of thermal adaptability generally between 1.5 and 5 liters, or even higher. In smaller forging shops or far from heat sources, the Behar II heat stress index is usually 55 to 95; however, in large forging shops, the working point near the heating furnace or drop hammer machine may be as high as 150 to 190. susceptible to salt deficiency and heat cramps. During the cold season, exposure to changes in the microclimate environment may promote its adaptability to some extent, but rapid and too frequent changes may constitute a health hazard.

Atmospheric pollution: The air in the workplace may contain soot, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or also acrolein, the concentration of which depends on the type of heating furnace fuel and the impurities contained, as well as the combustion efficiency, airflow and ventilation conditions. Noise and vibration:Type forging hammers necessarily produce low frequency noise and vibration, but may also have some high frequency components with sound pressure levels between 95 and 115 decibels. Exposure of staff to forging vibrations may cause temperamental and functional disorders that can reduce work capacity and affect safety.

Hazardous Factors

Forging production risk factors and main causes

I. In forging production, the traumatic accidents that are prone to occur can be divided into three types according to their causes: mechanical injuries - scrapes and bruises caused directly by tools or workpieces; burns; and electric shock injuries.

Second, from the point of view of safety and technical labor protection, the characteristics of forging workshop are:

1. forging production is carried out in the state of scorching metal (such as mild steel forging temperature range between 1250 ~ 750 ℃), due to a large number of manual labor, the slightest carelessness may occur burns.

2. The heating furnace and scorching ingots, billets and forgings in the forging shop constantly emit a large amount of radiation heat (forgings at the end of forging, still have a fairly high temperature), workers are often subject to heat radiation.

3. the forging workshop heating furnace in the combustion process generated by the smoke and dust into the air of the workshop, not only affect the health, but also reduce the visibility of the workshop (for the burning of solid fuel heating furnace, the situation is more serious), and therefore may also cause work-related accidents.

4. The equipment used in forging production, such as air hammers, steam hammers, friction presses, etc., are issued when working with impact forces. Equipment under such impact loads, itself prone to sudden damage (such as the sudden breakage of the forging hammer piston rod), and cause serious injury accidents.

Presses (such as hydraulic presses, crank hot die forging presses, flat forging machines, precision presses) shear bed, etc., in the work, although the impact is smaller, but the sudden damage to the equipment and other circumstances also occur, the operator is often caught off guard, may also lead to work-related accidents.

5. Forging equipment in the work of the force is very large, such as crank presses, tensile forging presses and water presses such as forging equipment, their working conditions are more smooth, but the force of its work parts is very large, such as China has manufactured and used 12,000t forging presses. It is the common 100 ~ 150t press, the force issued is already large enough. If the die is installed or operated slightly incorrectly, most of the force is not acting on the workpiece, but on the die, the tool or the parts of the equipment itself. In this way, some kind of installation and adjustment errors or improper operation of the tool may cause damage to the machine and other serious equipment or personal accidents.

6. The tools and auxiliary tools of the forger, especially the hand forging and free forging tools, clamps, etc. have a wide range of names, and these tools are put together in the workplace. In the work, the tools are replaced very often, and storage is often disorganized, which is bound to increase the difficulty of checking these tools, when the forging needs to use a tool and often can not be quickly found, sometimes "make up" the use of similar tools, which often cause accidents at work.

7. Because of the noise and vibration of the forging workshop equipment in operation, the workplace is noisy and unpleasant to the ear, affecting the human hearing and nervous system, distracting the attention, thus increasing the possibility of accidents.

Analysis of the causes of work accidents in forging workshop

1. the need to protect the area, equipment lack of protective devices and safety devices.

2. The protective devices on the equipment are not perfect, or not used.

3. The production equipment itself is defective or faulty.

4. Damage to equipment or tools and inappropriate working conditions.

5. The forging die and anvil are defective.

6. Confusion in the organization and management of the workplace.

7. Process operation methods and repair of auxiliary work is not done properly.

8. Personal protective equipment such as protective glasses are faulty, work clothes and work shoes do not meet the working conditions.

9. When several people work together on an operation, they do not coordinate with each other.

10. Lack of technical education and safety knowledge, resulting in the use of incorrect procedures and methods.